In 1999, Venezuela laid the foundations for food sovereignty. The Constitution contains several articles relating to it; article 305 focuses specifically on sustainable agriculture, domestic production and technical and financial support as a means to ensure Venezuelan food security. Article 306 focuses on rural development and recognises the importance of supporting rural producers towards a sustainable food system. Finally, Article 307 emphasises the need for land reform. This article lays the foundation for Venezuela's 2001 Land Law.
With the Land Law, 3 million hectares had been redistributed in 2005; an area that forms, in many cases, the basis for agricultural cooperatives, which provide a means for food sovereignty.
Source: Beauregard (2009) "Food policy for people: incorporating food sovereignty principles into State governance. Case studies of Venezuela, Mali, Ecuador, and Bolivia".
- Regulating
- Local institution